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It has been shown previously that recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) of papillomavirus can induce VLP-specific humoral and cellular immune responses following parenteral administration. To test whether mucosal administration of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) VLPs could produce mucosal as well as systemic immune responses to VLPs, 50 μg chimeric BPV1 VLPs containing an HPV16 E7 CTL epitope...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication requires coordinated activities of host and viral factors. We reported previously that interactions of the host factor cyclophilin A with HIV-1 Gag polyproteins affected Gag processing and maturation of virus particles (Streblowet al.,1998.Virology245, 197–202). We now usein vitrotranslation and physical analysis of Gag structures to refine our...
A system for the expression and purification of histidine-tagged proteins from plants has been developed using a tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV)-derived gene vectors. The vectors offered a convenient polylinker and a choice of histidine tagging at the recombinant proteins' N or C termini. These vectors were utilized for expression of proteins encoded by beet yellows closterovirus (BYV). Approximately...
M2 is a minor component of the influenza A virus envelope. The cytoplasmic tail of the M2 protein is posttranslationally modified in the infected cell by palmitylation and phosphorylation. The primary site for phosphorylation of the M2 cytoplasmic tail is serine 64, which is highly conserved yet not required for the activity of the M2 ion channel. Using an exogenous incorporation assay, we have shown...
O'nyong-nyong (ONN) virus is an alphavirus (family Togaviridae, genusAlphavirus) classified in the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) antigenic complex. ONN was initially isolated in northern Uganda in 1959 during the early stages of an explosive arbovirus epidemic in which >2 million cases were reported. No additional epidemics or human isolations of ONN were reported until 1996, when it was isolated...
The roles that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) play in the genesis of aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related lymphomas are not understood. A human B cell line (B-HIV), developed to study AIDS-related lymphomagenesis, contains EBV and HIV genomes and is malignantly transformed. This line was produced by exposing B cells from an EBV-seropositive donor to HIV...
SIVmac1A11 and SIVmac239 are nonpathogenic and pathogenic molecular clones in rhesus macaques, respectively. Although these viruses exhibit ∼98% nucleotide and amino acid sequence homology, differences are found in the length of the translation frames for several genes. SIVmac239 has a premature stop codon innef, whereas SIVmac1A11 has a premature stop codon invprand two premature stop codons in the...
Cytoskeletal protein actin and nonactin cellular proteins were essential for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) gene expression.In vitro,specific antibodies against actin inhibited RSV transcription, whereas antibodies against other cytoskeletal proteins had little or no effect. Affinity purified cellular actin or bacterially expressed recombinant actin activated RSV transcription. However, optimal...
Polyoma virus is highly oncogenic when inoculated into immunocompromised adult mice and neonatal mice of specific inbred strains. Although T lymphocytes are known to be essential in controlling polyoma virus tumorigenesis, the importance of class I MHC-restricted CD8 + T cells in mediating tumor resistance remains unclear. Here, we investigated the tumorigenicity of polyoma virus in adult...
We have shown that the binding of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to Jurkat T cells expressing CD4 receptor strongly induces mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and only weakly induces p38 MAP kinase and c-JunN-terminal kinase (JNK). Similarly, T-tropic NL4–3 virus, which uses both CD4 and CXCR4 receptors for entry, stimulated...
Rotavirus infection modifies the metabolism and ionic homeostasis of the host cell. First, there is an induction of viral synthesis with a parallel shutoff of cell protein production, followed by an increase of plasma membrane Ca 2+ permeability, thereby inducing an increase of free cytoplasmic and sequestered Ca 2+ concentrations. Cell death follows at a later stage. We studied the...
Epstein–Barr virus, a human gammaherpesvirus, possesses a unique set of latent genes whose constitutive expression in B cells leads to cell growth transformation. The initiation of this growth transforming infection depends on a viral promoter inBamHI W (Wp) whose regulation is poorly understood. Using Wp reporter constructs inin vitrotransfection assays, we found that Wp was 11- to 190-fold more...
The membrane glycoprotein encoded by theenvgene of either the polycythemia- or anemia-inducing spleen focus-forming virus (SFFVp or SFFVa, respectively) is responsible for the induction of erythroleukemia in mice. It has been shown that the SFFVp glycoprotein, gp55, interacts with the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) and promotes EPO-independent proliferation of an EPO-R-expressing hematopoietic cell...
This study presents a detailed analysis of the acidic N-terminal region of theOrgyia pseudotsugatamulticapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) transactivator IE1. The N-terminal region of IE1 is rich in acidic amino acids and has been hypothesized to be an acidic activation domain. Removal of the N-terminal 126 amino acids containing the acidic domain of IE1 resulted in complete loss of transactivation...
Both the brome mosaic virus (BMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) were found to recognize the BMV core subgenomic promoter in the same manner, requiring specific functional groups at positions −17, −14, −13, and −11 relative to the subgenomic initiation site (+1). For CCMV subgenomic RNA synthesis, both RdRps required the same nucleotides and four additional...
To investigate the transforming activity of human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 genesin vivo, we previously established transgenic mouse lines containing HPV16E6E7, in which male mice develop a Leydig cell tumors with a very high incidence. Because HPV-induced carcinogenesis is highly related to p53, we changed the dose of p53 gene in the transgenic lines by the mice crossing with p53-disrupted mice...
Cas-Br-E and Graffi are two myeloid leukemia-inducing murine viruses. Cas-Br-E induces, in NIH-Swiss mice, mostly non-T, non-B leukemia composed of very immature cells with no specific characteristics (Bergeronet al.(1993).Leukemia7, 954–962). The Graffi murine leukemia virus causes exclusively myeloid leukemia, but the tumor cells are clearly of granulocytic nature (Ruet al.(1993).J. Virol.67, 4722)...
In nuclei of cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV), synthesized viral DNA accumulates as concatamers that are cleaved into genomic lengths and inserted into preformed capsids. Whereas newly replicated DNA and enzymes required for DNA synthesis accumulate in sites of infected cell nuclei termed replication compartments, the intranuclear site of DNA cleavage and packaging is currently controversial...
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